Biomarker feedback intervention for smoking cessation among Alaska Native pregnant women: Randomized pilot study.
Christi A Patten, Kathryn R Koller, Christie A Flanagan and 13 others
PMID 30391300WHAT IT FOUND
Adding cotinine test feedback to usual smoking cessation counseling did not increase verified smoking abstinence at delivery among Alaska Native pregnant women compared with usual care.
It was feasible, but this pilot showed no cessation benefit.
Key findings
01Verified smoking abstinence at delivery was 20% in both groups among all randomized participants and 26% in both groups among participants completing the delivery assessment.
02Biomarker feedback participants set a quit date more often than controls (87% vs. 63%), but no significant differences were detected at week 5 for self-reported quit attempt or smoking abstinence.
03Feasibility and acceptability were high: 80% of participants in both groups completed all three counseling calls, 80% completed the week 5 assessment, 77% completed the delivery assessment, and 87% of intervention participants and 71% of controls said they would definitely recommend the program.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
The study was a pilot and not adequately powered to detect significant treatment differences on smoking abstinence. The sample was small and confined to a limited geographic area of Alaska. All participants were already willing to enroll in a quit tobacco program, and readiness to quit was high. The control condition was more intensive than many usual care comparisons because it included repeated counseling contacts. Fetal NNAL exposure could not be measured directly; feedback was based on the mother's cotinine and generalized newborn exposure information. No theory-based variables changed differentially with the intervention, and risk perceptions were not associated with abstinence.
Declared interests
The article is tagged as supported by NIH extramural research. No author conflict-of-interest or funding declaration is provided in the supplied text.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that biomarker feedback improves smoking cessation. The verified abstinence rate at delivery was the same in both groups, and the study was a pilot that was not powered to detect treatment differences. The higher quit-date rate was not accompanied by higher abstinence.