Barriers to nurse-patient communication in primary healthcare centers in Bahrain: Patient perspective.

Only patients were surveyed, despite the objective mentioning nurses and patients, so it does not report nurses' own views. The study asked patients to report perceptions in waiting areas; it did not observe nurse-patient interactions, so it cannot show what nurses actually did or why barriers occurred. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling and had to be able to communicate, read, and write, so patients with communication or cognitive impairment and those who could not read or write were not represented. The questionnaire was adapted from a Persian-language study, originally reported reliability was 0.76, and the paper did not provide a total score for overall barrier burden. The findings are from 10 primary healthcare centers in Bahrain and may not apply to other settings, specialties, or patient populations.

The authors declared no conflicts of interest and reported no funding.

Do not read these percentages as proof that nurses are unwilling, negative, or lacking confidence. They are patients' perceptions in waiting rooms, and the study did not observe nurses, test communication skills, or show what caused the barriers.