Case-ControlJournal of autism and developmental disorders2026

Attention to Social and Non-Social Stimuli in a Continuous Performance Test in Autistic and Typically Developed Participants: An ERP Study.

Samaneh S Dastgheib, Jürgen M Kaufmann, Andrea E Kowallik and 1 others

PMID 40240531

WHAT IT FOUND

During a face attention task, autistic participants showed smaller brain responses linked to attention and preparation than typically developed participants.

No such difference appeared for letters. This is a lab finding, not evidence that a treatment works.

Key findings

01Autistic participants were less accurate than typically developed participants only in the condition where a response was required after the cue, and this was true for both letters and faces.

02In the face task, typically developed participants had larger P300 amplitudes than autistic participants, while the letter task showed no significant group difference.

03In the face task, typically developed participants had more negative CNV amplitudes than autistic participants, while the letter task showed no significant group difference.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they found

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What it does not show

19 participants were recruited per group, but 17 autistic and 18 typically developed participants were analysed in the brain data. The power analysis focused on a main group effect, so smaller or interaction effects could have been missed. The participants had high-functioning autism and preserved cognition and language, so the results do not speak to more severe autism profiles. The two tasks were completed in one recording session, so tiredness could have influenced performance, especially if it affected the groups differently. The analysis focused on brain response amplitudes and did not examine onset or peak latencies or time-frequency patterns. The conclusions about social attention are constrained by the use of a continuous performance task with faces and letters. The brain response findings did not explain the poorer accuracy in the OX condition.

Declared interests

Funding came from Freistaat Thüringen and Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena. The supplied text gives no author conflict declaration.

The easy way to misread this

Do not read the smaller face-related brain responses as proof that autistic participants cannot attend to faces. The difference was found only in a laboratory face task and not in the letter task, and the study did not test any treatment.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →


The study

Participants
19 autistic and 19 typically developed adults recruited; 17 autistic and 18 typically developed adults analysed in the brain data
Certainty of evidence
Low

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    Cite

    Samaneh S Dastgheib, Jürgen M Kaufmann, Andrea E Kowallik, et al. Attention to Social and Non-Social Stimuli in a Continuous Performance Test in Autistic and Typically Developed Participants: An ERP Study. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2026.

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