Associations Among Maternal Adiposity, Insulin, and Adipokines in Circulation and Human Milk.
Camille R Schneider-Worthington, Jessica S Bahorski, David A Fields and 3 others
PMID 33035124WHAT IT FOUND
At 1 month postpartum, mothers' serum adiponectin was positively associated with human milk adiponectin, with one outlier.
The study examined maternal fat mass and serum hormones as predictors of milk insulin and leptin, but measured no infant outcomes.
Key findings
01Serum adiponectin was positively associated with human milk adiponectin, but one outlier was present.
02The study did not measure infant outcomes, so it cannot show how milk hormones relate to infant growth or health.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
The study included only 25 mothers, and the sample was predominantly White and from one geographic area, so results may not apply to other groups. The study was cross-sectional, so it cannot show that maternal adiposity or serum hormones caused changes in human milk. The supplied text does not include the tables or figures, so the numerical results for insulin and leptin associations cannot be checked. No infant outcomes were measured, so the study cannot link milk hormones to infant growth, appetite, or obesity risk. One participant was excluded from milk insulin analyses, and another preterm participant was included because excluding her did not change results. Participants used their own breast pumps, which could affect milk collection, although an investigator helped ensure the breast was emptied.
Declared interests
The authors declared no conflicts of interest. The supplied text does not state who funded the study.
The easy way to misread this
Do not read these associations as evidence that human milk insulin, leptin, or adiponectin causes infant obesity or growth problems. The study had 25 mothers, was cross-sectional, and measured no infant outcomes.