CohortJournal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine2026

Assessing the validity of caregiver-perceived severity in pediatric traumatic brain injury: A comparative analysis with the Glasgow Coma Scale.

Sophia Nichols, Angela H Ciccia, Jennifer P Lundine

PMID 41100541

WHAT IT FOUND

Caregiver reports of injury severity matched medical records in 68% of cases, showing moderate agreement overall.

Agreement was strong for mild and severe injuries but poor for moderate ones. Caregivers tended to rate moderate injuries as more severe than the medical records did.

Key findings

01There was moderate agreement between caregiver-perceived severity and GCS-rated severity, with a kappa of 0.50.

02Agreement was substantial for mild and severe injuries but poor for moderate injuries.

03Caregiver-perceived severity was the only factor significantly associated with whether ratings matched the GCS score.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they found

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What it does not show

Less than half of the total sample (41 of 107) had a GCS score in their medical records, which limits the ability to compare ratings across the whole group. The time since injury varied greatly among participants, ranging from two weeks to over 11 years, which may influence how caregivers recall and judge the severity. The study relied on a specific subset of participants from a children's hospital who consented to medical record review, which may introduce selection bias. The small number of mismatched cases (13) was too small to statistically identify specific factors that caused the discrepancies.

Declared interests

The study was funded by the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC). The authors declared no other financial or non-financial conflicts of interest.

The easy way to misread this

Do not assume caregiver reports are equally reliable for all injury levels. While they align well with medical records for mild and severe TBIs, they are poor predictors for moderate TBIs, often rating them as more severe than the medical record indicates.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →


The study

Participants
107
Certainty of evidence
Low

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    Sophia Nichols, Angela H Ciccia, Jennifer P Lundine Assessing the validity of caregiver-perceived severity in pediatric traumatic brain injury: A comparative analysis with the Glasgow Coma Scale. Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine. 2026.

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