Analysis of gender perspective in the use of NANDA-I nursing diagnoses: A systematic review.

This is a review of observational studies, not a trial, so it describes how gender was handled in NANDA-I care plans and cannot show that gender-focused diagnosis improves outcomes. The review included 38 observational studies, not a single patient sample, so the findings describe published care-plan studies rather than a defined patient population. Most selected studies were carried out in Brazil, which makes generalisation across cultures difficult. The included studies did not always use the latest NANDA-I edition for the year of publication, so taxonomy changes may not be reflected. Many studies did not meet all quality criteria, especially for sampling strategy and risk of non-response bias. Gender was mostly treated as binary, and no other gender approaches were described. Twenty studies did not identify gender in any part of the diagnostic formulation, limiting what can be said about gender-specific nursing diagnoses.

The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Do not read the gender-specific diagnoses as proof that adding gender to NANDA-I care plans improves patient care. This review only described observational studies, and the included studies often did not analyse gender in the diagnostic formulation, so it cannot show an effect of gender-focused care planning.