RNNarrative ReviewNursing in critical care2026

'Aint We Women?' A Narrative Review of Intensive and Acute Care Experiences of Black Women Through an Intersectional Lens.

Elizabeth Kusi-Appiah, Oleska Rewa, Saleema Allana and 2 others

PMID 41556469

WHAT IT FOUND

Black women in US acute and critical care studies reported delayed access, dismissed pain, mistrust and worse outcomes.

Nurses should ask about identity, culture and family concerns, and check whether standard assessments may not recognise their expressions.

Key findings

01In a US ICU cohort of mechanically ventilated adults with pneumonia or sepsis, Black women had the highest risk-adjusted mortality (40%) and higher adjusted odds of death than other female groups and Black men.

02Black women reported clinicians marginalising and trivialising concerns, ignoring pain management requests, reprimanding self-medication and expecting passivity, which discouraged later care-seeking.

03Only 10 of 1003 retrieved articles met inclusion criteria, and no other high-income country had literature on this topic except the United States.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs

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What it does not show

This is a narrative review, not a trial, so it cannot show that any intervention improves outcomes. Only 10 studies met inclusion criteria, and all came from the United States, so findings may not apply to other high-income countries. The review included acute care because critical care evidence on Black women was sparse, which limits transferability to ICU settings. Narrative review selection is less systematic and may introduce subjectivity. One included article was a letter to the editor rather than a peer-reviewed primary study. The included studies used different terms for race and gender, and some did not allow disaggregation of Black women's data. The included studies are observational or qualitative, so they describe patterns rather than prove causes.

The easy way to misread this

Do not read the 40% mortality figure as evidence that any single treatment or nursing practice caused or can prevent it. It comes from an observational cohort of mechanically ventilated adults with pneumonia or sepsis, and this narrative review did not test interventions.

Read it on PubMed →