RNCohortNursing in critical care2026

Accuracy and Bias of Pulse Oximetry in the Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Observational Study.

Kaio B Barros, Jocassia S Pinheiro, Murilo S Sampaio and 5 others

PMID 41856803

WHAT IT FOUND

Pulse oximeters showed poor agreement with arterial blood gas reference in ICU patients.

Skin tone did not significantly affect measurement error. However, age and low oxygen saturation consistently predicted larger errors, with older patients and those with lower saturation experiencing greater overestimation by oximeters.

Key findings

01Two of the three tested pulse oximeters failed to meet the FDA guidance threshold for accuracy in this ICU population.

02Objective skin pigmentation measured by colorimetry was not significantly associated with pulse oximetry measurement error.

03Older age was a consistent predictor of measurement error, with oximeters tending to overestimate oxygen saturation more in older patients.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs

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What it does not show

The study had very few data points with arterial oxygen saturation below 88% and none below 85%, limiting conclusions about oximeter performance in severe hypoxemia. The sample lacked representation of the lightest skin tones (ITA subgroup 1). The study was conducted in a single ICU at one hospital, which may limit generalizability. Other physiological variables that affect oximetry accuracy, such as body temperature and hydration status, were not systematically collected.

Declared interests

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The work was supported by CAPES, FAPESP, and the Hospital das Clínicas Foundation.

The easy way to misread this

Do not conclude that pulse oximetry is accurate for all patients based on the lack of skin-tone bias. The study found that all devices had substantial random error and poor agreement with arterial blood gas, and that age and low saturation significantly worsened this inaccuracy.

Read it on PubMed →