A self-disclosure model for adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV in Eswatini.
Baliwe P Dlamini, Ntombifikile G Mtshali
PMID 40776702WHAT IT FOUND
A proposed model for nurses in Eswatini frames adolescent HIV disclosure as readiness, education, support, follow-up and feedback, not a one-time event.
Key findings
01The model treats HIV status disclosure as an ongoing process that requires emotional readiness and HIV education before an adolescent tells another person.
02Nurses are central to the model: they provide support during disclosure and monitor the adolescent's experience and well-being afterwards.
03The model proposes individual outcomes of improved quality of life and enhanced psychosocial support, and system outcomes of quality care, patient advocacy and fewer new adolescent infections.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
The model is proposed, not tested; the paper does not report that it increased self-disclosure or improved health outcomes. It was developed in Eswatini, and the authors state findings cannot be generalised to other contexts. Adolescents had to be aged 15 to 19, have known their status for at least 6 months, be taking ART for at least 6 months and be Teen Club members, so it may not apply to younger, undisclosed or out-of-care adolescents. Qualitative sites were chosen partly because of high scores on self-disclosure variables, so the experiences may skew toward adolescents more ready to disclose. Nurses and policymakers were included, but the paper does not test whether nurse training or the model changes care delivery.
Declared interests
Funding: no specific grant from any funding agency. The supplied text does not report a competing-interests declaration.
The easy way to misread this
Do not treat this model as a proven way to increase HIV disclosure or improve adolescent health. It was developed from survey and interview data, but the paper does not test the model in patients.