TOPIC

Neurological research

Everything we have read on neurological. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

3,875 PAPERS · PAGE 39 OF 78 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOTSLPCohort2022Associations of Preexisting Vascular Risk Factors With Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationSmoking before head injury predicted worse function and more symptoms at six months. High blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol showed weaker or no links. Patients with any vascular risk factor were less likely to return to baseline function by six months than those with none.
• PTOTOther2022Using Implementation Science to Guide the Process of Adapting a Patient Engagement Intervention for Inpatient Spinal Cord Injury/Disorder Rehabilitation.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationClinicians and a patient advocate adapted an engagement intervention for spinal cord injury rehab. They changed goal-setting cards and trackers to fit therapy sessions but kept core principles like letting the patient choose goals.
• PTOTSLPCase-Control2022Internet-Based Information Sharing With Families of Patients With Stroke in a Rehabilitation Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Case-Control Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesStroke patients whose families received video updates on rehabilitation progress improved more in daily living activities than matched controls. However, families chose to participate, so proactive support rather than the videos may have driven the gain.
• PTOTSLPCase-Control2022Intensive Multi-Disciplinary Outpatient Rehabilitation for Facilitating Return-to-Work after Acquired Brain Injury: A Case-Control Study.Journal of rehabilitation medicinePatients in a coordinated daytime hospital programme were more likely to return to over half their previous work level than those in standard outpatient care. However, neither the primary outcome nor the overall return-to-work rate reached statistical significance, so this is a promising trend rather than proof of benefit.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Headaches in Traumatic Brain Injury: Improvement Over Time, Associations With Quality of Life, and Impact of Migraine-Type Headaches.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationHeadaches in traumatic brain injury patients generally improved over five years, but those with mild TBI had more severe and frequent headaches than those with moderate or severe injuries. Patients with migraine-type headaches reported worse quality of life, and those with moderate to severe headaches did not show significant improvement over time.
• PTOTCohort2023Footwear characteristics and foot problems in community dwelling people with stroke: a cross-sectional observational study.Disability and rehabilitationEvery one of the thirty people with chronic stroke in this study had at least one foot problem, yet most wore slippers indoors. Half of those indoor shoes were ill-fitting. Clinicians should check footwear and foot health directly, as patients often miss these issues.
• PTOTCohort2023Post-fracture rehabilitation pathways and association with mortality among adults with cerebral palsy.Clinical rehabilitationIn adults with cerebral palsy discharged home after a fracture, starting outpatient physical or occupational therapy within 6 months was associated with lower 1-year mortality. Each additional week of therapy correlated with a 13% unadjusted and 16% adjusted reduction in mortality risk.
• PTCohort2022Aging after stroke: how to define post-stroke sarcopenia and what are its risk factors?European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineStandard sarcopenia tests fail in chronic stroke survivors because the weak paretic hand triggers false positives. When using only the unaffected hand, prevalence drops to 18-25%. The affected upper limb loses more muscle and bone than the lower limb, suggesting walking and spasticity protect the legs.
• PTOTSLPRCT2022Post stroke intervention trial in fatigue (POSITIF): Randomised multicentre feasibility trial.Clinical rehabilitationTelephone-delivered CBT for post-stroke fatigue showed no significant benefit over a leaflet at six months. Both groups improved similarly. The intervention was feasible to deliver but adherence was low, with only 59% of the intervention group attending four or more sessions.
• PTOTSLPRCT2022Barriers to Enrollment in Post-Stroke Brain Stimulation in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Population.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairOnly 1.9% of acute stroke patients qualified for a brain stimulation trial. Most exclusions were due to strict study criteria like prior strokes or age, not safety concerns. This suggests future trials need broader eligibility to improve enrollment rates.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2022How do stroke survivors and their caregivers manage post-stroke fatigue? A qualitative study.Clinical rehabilitationStroke survivors and caregivers described managing post-stroke fatigue through acceptance, pacing, rest, diaries, goals, and talking with family. Strategies varied by person, and many said clinicians had not discussed fatigue or its management.
• PTOTSystematic Review2022Skeletal Muscle Changes in the First Three Months of Stroke Recovery: A Systematic Review.Journal of rehabilitation medicineIn the first three months after stroke, muscle strength on the affected side generally increased while muscle thickness decreased. These small-to-moderate strength gains occurred despite muscle wasting, suggesting early recovery may rely more on neural changes than muscle growth.
• PTOTQualitative2022Living With Cervical Spinal Cord Injury During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationTen people with cervical spinal cord injury described how the pandemic forced difficult trade-offs between infection risk and essential caregiving. They found telemedicine helpful for routine care but inadequate for hands-on therapy, while isolation and loss of support severely impacted mental health.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2022Supporting Sexual Functioning and Satisfaction During Rehabilitation after Spinal Cord Injury: Barriers and Facilitators Identified by Healthcare Professionals.Journal of rehabilitation medicineHealthcare professionals identified awkwardness and lack of training as key barriers to discussing sexual health in spinal injury rehab. They recommended normalizing the topic through standardized assessments, creating sex-focused patient resources, and actively including partners in care.
• PTOTOther2023Spasticity-related pain in children/adolescents with cerebral palsy. Part 2: IncobotulinumtoxinA efficacy results from a pooled analysis.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineChildren with cerebral palsy reported less spasticity-related pain after incobotulinumtoxinA injections, with relief deepening over four cycles. By the fourth cycle, 33.8% were pain-free during hard tasks. Without a placebo group, some improvement may reflect natural variation rather than the drug alone.
• PTOTQualitative2023Developing A Conceptual Framework for Early Intervention Vocational Rehabilitation for People Following Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of occupational rehabilitationEarly vocational rehab for spinal cord injury works by building hope through consistent team messaging and trusting relationships. Speed and direction are governed by the patient, not the clock. No time pressure to return to work may help, but evidence is limited to New Zealand's compensation system.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2022Telehealth and Remote Interventions for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Scoping Review.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesEvidence for telehealth in children with cerebral palsy is scarce and of poor quality, primarily from underpowered pilots. While aggregate results suggest telehealth may match or improve face-to-face care for hand function, clinical recommendations are not possible due to methodological flaws and inconsistent outcome measures.
• PTOTPilot2022Muscle adaptations in acute SCI following overground exoskeleton + FES training: A pilot study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesAdding exoskeleton and electrical stimulation to standard care helped six people with acute spinal cord injury build leg muscle volume. It also improved static balance. However, the study was too small to prove these changes were real or to confirm the treatment works.
• PTOTCohort2022Increasing the Amount and Intensity of Stepping Training During Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Improves Locomotor and Non-Locomotor Outcomes.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairPrioritizing high-intensity stepping in inpatient stroke rehab improved walking speed and distance compared to usual care. This occurred without hurting balance or transfer scores. However, falls increased in the high-intensity group. The study was non-randomized and relied on historical controls.
• PTOther2022The Impact of Cognitive Impairment on Robot-Based Upper-Limb Motor Assessment in Chronic Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairChronic stroke survivors with visual-spatial and executive problems tracked a robot crank worse, even when their arm motor scores were similar. Robot upper-limb assessment may reflect thinking as well as movement.
• PTOTSLPRCT2022Effects of Different Montages of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Haemodynamic Responses and Motor Performance in Acute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of rehabilitation medicineFive daily sessions of dual-montage tDCS before physical therapy improved lower-limb strength and walking speed more than other tDCS types or sham. Upper-limb function did not differ between groups. Brain blood flow measurements showed no significant changes in any group.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Association Between Anxiety Symptoms, Depression Symptoms, and Life Satisfaction Among Individuals 1 Year After Spinal Cord Injury: Findings From the SCIRehab Project.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationAnxiety symptoms alone did not predict life satisfaction once depression was considered. However, depression moderated the link, meaning anxiety became significant when interacting with depression levels. Clinicians should monitor both anxiety and depression together to understand quality of life after spinal cord injury.
• PTOTSLPNarrative Review2022Compliance with Upper Limb Home-Based Exergaming Interventions for Stroke Patients: A Narrative Review.Journal of rehabilitation medicineHome exergaming compliance varies widely because prescriptions are inconsistent and technical barriers are common. Patients often exceed time limits if allowed, but drop out due to pain, fatigue, or hardware failure. Successful programmes need familiarization, remote support, and realistic dosing to sustain engagement.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2022A meta-synthesis of individual, interpersonal, and systemic factors impacting resilience after traumatic brain injury.Rehabilitation psychologySurvivors of traumatic brain injury describe resilience as shaped by three levels. Individual barriers include cognitive decline and identity loss, countered by behavioral strategies like task breakdown. Interpersonal factors involve stigma and isolation, mitigated by strong support networks. Systemic barriers include lost employment and poor service access, eased by vocational support and accessible community resources.
• PTOTSLPCase Report2022Competing at the Cybathlon championship for people with disabilities: long-term motor imagery brain-computer interface training of a cybathlete who has tetraplegia.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA pilot with tetraplegia improved BCI race times during training but slowed down before competition. The authors link this drop to stress and unstable relaxation signals, suggesting future training must focus on maintaining calm states under pressure.
• PTOTCohort2022Hip subluxation in Italian cerebral palsy children and its determinants: a retrospective cohort study.International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptationHip displacement worsens fastest in early childhood and around puberty. Standing and walking devices with weight relief were linked to lower migration, especially when combined with botulinum. Surgery reduced displacement, but soft tissue surgery did not prevent progression long-term.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022The effects of rehabilitation therapy duration on functional recovery of patients with subacute stroke stratified by individual's age: a retrospective multicenter study.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineLonger daily rehabilitation was linked to better functional recovery in stroke patients aged 70 and older, but not in those under 70. This suggests older adults may benefit more from increased therapy duration, while younger patients might already be receiving enough.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Effects of inpatient rehabilitation after acute care on functional and quality-of-life outcomes in children with severe traumatic brain injury.Brain injuryChildren with severe TBI and low consciousness scores at discharge who went to inpatient rehab had better global function at 12 months than those who did not. No difference was found for those with higher consciousness scores or for quality of life.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Referrals to Early Specialized Rehabilitation after Traumatic Brain Injury during the Covid-19 Pandemic.Journal of rehabilitation medicineReferral to early specialized rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury remained stable during the pandemic. Direct transfers were predicted by younger age, better pre-injury health and severe disability, not by the pandemic status.
• PTRCT2022Action observation and motor imagery have no effect on balance and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineAdding action observation and motor imagery to gait training did not improve balance or freezing of gait more than gait training alone in Parkinson's disease. The added observation and imagery training made no extra difference.
• PTOTSLPOther2022Cross-validation of predictive models for functional recovery after post-stroke rehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA machine learning model predicted stroke rehabilitation outcomes with 79% accuracy using admission data. Trunk control, communication level, and absence of pressure ulcers were the strongest predictors of functional improvement.
• PTOTSLPOther2022Perceived Community Participation and Associated Factors in People With Stroke.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationCommunity participation after stroke is strongly linked to supportive environments, and moderately linked to less depression, less fatigue, and better mobility. Rehabilitation should address these non-neurologic factors and environmental barriers, not just physical function.
• PTPilot2022Effects of asymmetrical support on lower limb muscle activity during Lokomat guided gait in persons with a chronic stroke: an explorative study.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineChanging Lokomat guidance levels, whether symmetrical or asymmetrical, did not alter lower limb muscle activity in ten people with chronic stroke. The exoskeleton provided enough support that muscle effort remained low and unchanged across all tested conditions.
• PTOTRCT2022Goal Attainment after Treatment with Abobotulinumtoxina and a Tailored Home Therapy Programme in Children with Upper Limb Spasticity: Descriptive, Exploratory Analysis of a Large Randomized, Controlled Study.Journal of rehabilitation medicineChildren achieved their upper limb goals when botulinum toxin was paired with a tailored home therapy programme. Goal attainment was generally maintained across three treatment cycles, but dropped below expectations in the fourth cycle for children with more severe motor impairment.
• PTOTCohort2022Ultrasound Assessment of Changes in Muscle Architecture of the Brachialis Muscle After Stroke-A Prospective Study.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationIn the first 7 months after stroke, the brachialis muscle on the affected arm thinned and its quality worsened, while the unaffected arm stayed stable. Older patients lost more muscle. Spasticity appeared to temporarily protect muscle mass at 1 month, but this faded by 6 months.
• PTOTPilot2022Hand Use and Grasp Sensor System in Monitoring Infant Fine Motor Development.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationA sensor-equipped toy system tracked 12 infants at home and captured how their grasping changed as they grew. Peak force, grasp duration, and bimanual use increased with age, while force variability and hand-use asymmetry decreased, mirroring typical fine motor maturation.
• PTQualitative2022Lessons Learned From Clinicians and Stroke Survivors About Using Telerehabilitation Combined With Exergames: Multiple Case Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesStroke survivors found home exergames engaging and easy to use, but one participant with aphasia struggled to communicate with his therapist. Clinicians reported that trust and clear instructions were key to success, while technical glitches and game limitations caused frustration.
• PTOTCohort2022Development and Validation of a Nomogram to Predict Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain in Patients With Stroke: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationA prediction tool using five admission findings accurately forecasts hemiplegic shoulder pain in stroke patients. Shoulder subluxation, low Brunnstrom stage, sensory loss, spasticity, and hand edema each independently raise risk, allowing clinicians to identify high-risk patients early.
• PTOTSLPOther2022Traumatic Brain Injury After Music-Associated Head Banging: A Scoping Review.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationThirteen case reports describe moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injuries, including subdural hematomas and artery dissections, in young men headbanging to music. No mild injuries were reported. These are isolated anecdotes, not evidence of how common or predictable this injury is.
• PTOTSLPRCT2022Rehabilitation to Improve Gaze and Postural Stability in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairNeither vestibular gaze training nor standard strength and aerobic exercise was superior for reducing dizziness in people with MS. Both groups improved significantly and maintained gains at 10 weeks. Choose the exercise type based on patient preference and accessibility.
• PTOTSLPOther2022Determining the Agreement Between Common Measures Related to Vestibulo-ocular Reflex Function After a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationSymptom provocation during vestibular screening did not agree with performance-based tests of eye-head coordination in children with concussion. Clinicians should not use one to infer the other, as they likely measure different things.
• PTCohort2022Distal and Proximal Predictors of Rehospitalization Over 10 Years Among Survivors of TBI: A National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationRehospitalization stayed common for 10 years after moderate to severe TBI, with 23.4% at year 1 and 18.6% at year 10. Seizures were top reason early, fractures top at year 10. Lower motor independence and seizures were linked to higher risk.
• PTOTRCT2022Hybrid robot-assisted gait training for motor function in subacute stroke: a single-blind randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationAdding a hybrid robot gait system to routine inpatient rehabilitation did not improve walking ability or balance compared with extra conventional therapy. However, it produced greater gains in lower-limb motor function scores at 3 months. Both groups improved similarly in independence.
• PTCohort2022Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care "6-Clicks" Basic Mobility Scores Predict Discharge Destination After Acute Care Hospitalization in Select Patient Groups: A Retrospective, Observational Study.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationA standardized “6-Clicks” mobility score of 42.88 or higher predicted discharge to home rather than an institution for the overall sample and orthopedic, pulmonary, and other neurological groups. The score failed to reliably distinguish home from home-with-services or inpatient rehab from skilled nursing.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2023Self-management of falls in people with multiple sclerosis: A scoping review.Clinical rehabilitationSelf-management programs for falls in multiple sclerosis are common but poorly defined. Randomized trials showed no reduction in falls, though some improved daily activities. Most programs target ambulatory patients, leaving non-ambulatory needs unaddressed.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022The association between global cognitive function and walking capacity in individuals with broad ranges of cognitive and physical function: Are there sex differences?Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesWalking distance predicted cognitive scores, but sex did not change this link. Males scored 2.9 points lower on the MoCA than females across all walking distances. This suggests males may need more cognitive support even when physical capacity is similar.
• PTOTSystematic Review2022Determining optimal mobile neurofeedback methods for motor neurorehabilitation in children and adults with non-progressive neurological disorders: a scoping review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationAcross 30 studies in 223 adults, brain-computer interface training improved motor scores, but gains were inconsistent and often not clinically significant. More sessions correlated with better outcomes, but no single feedback method proved superior.
• PTOTOther2022Mental health problems among adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset physical disabilities: A scoping review.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesDepression, anxiety and social difficulties were the most common concerns mapped among adolescents and young adults with physical disabilities, but reported rates varied widely and few people received mental health care. Stigma, family caregiver mental health, and missing peer or vocational supports shaped access.
• PTOTRCT2022Multi-center, single-blind randomized controlled trial comparing functional electrical stimulation therapy to conventional therapy in incomplete tetraplegia.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesFunctional electrical stimulation was not better than conventional therapy for self-care independence. Both groups improved by about 2 points, a meaningful change, but there was no significant difference between them. The study was underpowered due to pandemic interruptions.
• PTOTRCT2023Vagus Nerve Stimulation Paired With Rehabilitation for Upper Limb Motor Impairment and Function After Chronic Ischemic Stroke: Subgroup Analysis of the Randomized, Blinded, Pivotal, VNS-REHAB Device Trial.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairPairing vagus nerve stimulation with rehabilitation improved arm function more than sham stimulation, and this benefit was consistent across age, sex, time since stroke, and impairment severity. You do not need to screen for specific subgroups to predict who will respond.