Effectiveness of Caregiver-Mediated Spoken Language Interventions for Children Under Five at Risk of Developmental Language Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

International journal of language & communication disorders · 2026 · Meta-Analysis · SLP
Victoria Johnstone-Cooke, Marion Rutherford, Ainuska Sheripkanova, Rachel Hutcheson, Ann Hodson

Coaching parents to build language into daily play and conversation gives under-fives at risk of DLD a small but real boost in overall language scores, with stronger gains in understanding than in speaking. Some of the benefit fades by six months.

Key findings

1

The pooled analysis of nine randomised trials (997 children) found a small but statistically significant improvement in overall language scores (standardised mean difference 0.129, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.257, p = 0.048).

2

Receptive language scores showed a significant improvement (SMD 0.263, 95% CI 0.125 to 0.402, p < 0.001), while expressive language scores did not reach significance (SMD 0.111, 95% CI -0.028 to 0.249, p = 0.118).

3

In the largest trial (208 children), language gains were significant immediately after the intervention but had faded to non-significance by the six-month follow-up.

MethodologyResultsClinical Relevance

Single-blind randomized controlled trial. Sixty-four participants were randomized across two intervention arms and assessed at twelve weeks for the primary outcome…

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